Daniel R. Hyde’s article “In Defense of the Descendit” (published in The Confessional Presbyterian) argues for retaining the phrase “he descended into hell” in the Apostles’ Creed as a vital part of Christian confession and comfort. Hyde surveys the historical development of the clause, tracing its presence from early creeds and theologians such as Rufinus, Augustine, and the Reformers, who often interpreted it as referring not to a literal descent into hell but to Christ’s full experience of death, God-forsakenness, and bearing divine wrath on the cross. He critiques contemporary calls to remove the phrase from Reformed liturgy (such as those by Randall Otto and Michael Williams) and instead defends its theological and pastoral significance, emphasizing that it assures believers of Christ’s solidarity with them in suffering, his victory over death, and their hope of resurrection.

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For Freedom Christ Has Set Us Free

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According to the Custom of the Ancient Church?